Vitamin A (B-carotene and Acetate) is thought to have anti-oxidant
effects that may boost immunity, improve vision, support healing, and help prevent
heart disease. Believed to contain none of the possible toxic side effects of
Vitamin A. (Polidori MC, Mecocci P, Stahl W, et al. Plasma levels of lipophilic
antioxidants in very old patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev
; 16:15–9, 2000).
Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin. It is acquired through
sunlight and fortified foods. Only a few foods naturally contain significant
amounts of vitamin D, including fatty fish and fish oils. Vitamin D helps maintain
normal blood levels of calcium and phosphorus, and aids in the absorption of
calcium, helping to form and maintain strong bones. (DeLuca HF and Zierold C.
Mechanisms and functions of vitamin D. Nutr Rev ; 56:S4-10, 1998). Vitamin E
(Acetate) is an antioxidant that acts to protect cells against the effects of
free radicals, which are potentially damaging by-products of the body's metabolism.
Free radicals can cause cell damage that may contribute to the development of
cardiovascular disease and cancer. (Traber MG and Packer L. Vitamin E: Beyond
antioxidant function. Am J Clin Nutr ; 62:1501S-9S, 1995).
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) is essential for healthy bones,
cartilage and collagen synthesis. Complements the immune system during stress.
(Raloff, J. Antioxidants: Confirming a heart-y role. Science News 150:6, July
6,1996 ).
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine Monohydrate) is necessary for proper
metabolism of sugar and starch to provide energy. Helps maintain a healthy nervous
system. Important during times of stress, and aids digestion. (Wilkinson TJ,
Hanger HC, George PM, Sainsbury R. Is thiamine deficiency in elderly people
related to age or co-morbidity? Age Ageing; 29:111–6, 2000).
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) is involved In the metabolism of carbohydrates,
protein and fat . Important for good muscle tone, good vision, skin, hair, and
nails. (B vitamins may cut heart disease risk. Harvard Health News April 1998).
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine HCL) is required for metabolism of
protein and fat, amino acid synthesis, formation of red blood cells, and brain
functions. (Leklem JE. Vitamin B6. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC,
ed. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore : Williams and
Wilkins, 413-421, 1999).
Niacin (Niacinamide) is required for cell respiration; helps
in the release of energy and metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins;
proper circulation and healthy skin; functioning of the nervous system, and
normal secretion of bile and stomach fluids. It is used in the synthesis of
sex hormones, treating schizophrenia and other mental illnesses. Niacin may
also help enhance memory. (Garg R, Malinow M, Pettinger M, Upson B, Hunninghake
D. Niacin treatment increases plasma homocysteine levels. Am Heart J 19; 138:1082–7,
1999).
Pantothenic Acid (Calcium Pantothenate) a B-complex vitamin,
is essential for humans and animals for growth, reproduction, and normal physiological
functions. It is a precursor of the coenzymes, CoA and acyl carrier protein
of fatty acid synthase, which are involved in more than 100 different metabolic
pathways including energy metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids,
and the synthesis of lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, porphyrins
and hemoglobin. (Plesofsky-Vig N. Pantothenic acid. In: Shils M, ed. Nutrition
in Health and Disease,. 9th ed. Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins; 423-432,
1999).
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalmin) is important to good health. It
helps maintain healthy nerve cells and red blood cells, and is also needed to
make DNA, the genetic material in all cells. Important in maintaining a healthy
nervous system, including brain cells. (Bernard MA, Nakonezny PA, Kashner TM.
The effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on older veterans and its relationship
to health. J Am Geriatr Soc ; 46:1199-206, 1998).
Folic Acid helps synthesize nucleic acids such as DNA and
RNA. Necessary for red blood cell production, growth, and reproduction. (Fenech
M, Aitken C, Rinaldi J. Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine status and DNA damage
in young Australian adults. Carcinogenesis ; 19:1163-71, 1998).
Biotin performs several functions in metabolism of fats and
the production of energy. Helps amino acid and fatty acid synthesis and formation
of DNA and RNA. (Institute of Medicine . Dietary Reference Intakes For Thiamine,
Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin
and Choline. National Academy Press. Washington , DC . : 220-240. 1998).
Choline Bitartrate prevents fats from accumulating in liver,
and is essential for the health of the nerves, kidneys and liver. The B-Compound
vitamins are essential for proper maintenance of the nervous system, proper
functioning of the cell, and its energy metabolism. Mental or physical stress,
as well as poor eating habits greatly increase the body's need for B Vitamins
. (Blumenthal M. The Complete German Commission E Monographs, Therapeutic Guide
to Herbal Medicines. American Botanical Council. 1998).
Inositol is a fundamental ingredient of cell membranes and
is necessary for proper function of nerves, brain, and muscles in the body.
Inositol is primarily used in the treatment of liver problems, depression, panic
disorder, and diabetes. It also aids in the breakdown of fats, helps in the
reduction of blood cholesterol, and helps to prevent thinning hair. (Sharnsuddin,
Abulkalarnan M., "Inositol Phosphates Have Novel Anti-cancer Function,"
Journal of Nutrition , 125 (supp. 3;, pp. 725S-32S, 1995).
Lecithin (Soya) along with iron, iodine, and calcium aids
In the digestion and absorption of fats . May aid in breaking up cholesterol
and helps in preventing arteriosclerosis, Important in maintaining a healthy
nervous system and aids in cleaning the liver and purifying the kidneys. Found
to guard against virus infections and prevent the formation of gallstones .
(Amenta F, Parnetti L, Gallai V, Wallin A. Treatment of cognitive dysfunction
associated with Alzheimer's disease with cholinergic precursors. Ineffective
treatments or inappropriate approaches? Mechanisms of Ageing and Development;
122(16): 2025-2040, 2001).
Calcium (Calcium Phosphate DiBasic) builds strong bones and
teeth. Helps to calm nerves. Aids in insomnia and in normalizing blood clotting,
along with helping regulate heartbeats. (Osborne CG, McTyre RB, Dudek J, et
al. Evidence for the relationship of calcium to blood pressure. Nutr Rev ; 54:365-81,
1996).
Phosphorous (Calcium Phosphate Dibasic) is essential for utilization
of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins for growth, repair of cells, and energy
production. Phosphorous also plays a crucial role in skeletal growth, tooth
development, kidney functions, and transference of nerve impulses. (Galloway
SD , Tremblay MS, Sexsmith JR, Roberts CJ. The effects of acute phosphate supplementation
in subjects of different aerobic fitness levels. Eur J Appl Physiol ;72:224–30,
1996).
Ginkgo Biloba (Ginkgoaceae) has been the subject of hundreds
of clinical studies. The preponderance of evidence suggests that ginkgo has
many benefits throughout the entire body. Ginkgo is gaining recognition as a
brain stimulant that enhances memory because of its positive effects on the
vascular system, especially in the cerebellum. It is also used as a treatment
for vertigo, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and a variety of neurological and
circulatory disorders. Ginkgo may also help to counteract the effects of aging,
including mental fatigue and lack of energy. Ginkgo works by increasing blood
flow to the brain and throughout the body. It increases metabolism efficiency,
regulates neurotransmitters, and boosts oxygen levels in the brain which uses
20% of the body's oxygen . (Blumenthal, Mark; Goldberg, Alicia; Brinckmann,
Josef, Eds,; Tyler, Varro E, PhD, ScD. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission
E Monographs. American Botanical Council, 2000).
Ginseng-Siberian is a member of the ginseng family, though
it is of a different genus than other popular ginsengs such as Panax. Siberian
Ginseng is an adaptogen. Its name comes from the Chinese "jen shen,"
which means, "man root," because some roots have limblike branches
resembling arms and legs. In traditional Chinese medicine it is used as a general
body tonic. It is especially valued for increasing energy, and boosting the
immune system. (Murray, Michael , ND , Pizzorno, Joseph , ND . Encyclopedia
of Natural Medicine, second ed. Prima Publishing, Rocklin. 1998).
Magnesium (Oxide) is needed for more than 300 biochemical
reactions in the body. It helps maintain normal muscle and nerve function, keeps
heart rhythm steady, and bones strong. It is also involved in energy metabolism
and protein synthesis. (Rude RK. Magnesium deficiency: A cause of heterogeneous
disease in humans. J Bone Miner Res ; 13:749-58, 1998).
Zinc (Oxide) is an essential mineral that is found in almost
every cell. It stimulates the activity of approximately 100 enzymes. Zinc supports
a healthy immune system, is needed for wound healing, helps maintain your sense
of taste and smell, and is needed for DNA synthesis. (Sandstead HH. Understanding
zinc: Recent observations and interpretations. J Lab Clin Med ; 124:322-327,
1994).
Copper (Chelate) aids in the formation of connective tissue,
in the production of neurochemicals in the brain, and in the functioning of
muscles, nerves and the immune system. Helps maintain healthy and strong arteries
and veins. Copper is also vital in the building of connective tissues by combining
collagen and elastin. It interacts beneficially with iron to form hemoglobin.
(Jones AA, DiSilvestro RA, Coleman M, Wagner TL. Copper supplementation of adult
men: effects on blood copper enzyme activities and indicators of cardiovascular
disease risk. Metabolism ; 46:1380-3, 1997).
Iron (Ferrous Sulfate) is necessary for production of hemoglobin,
and oxygenation of red blood cells. Iron builds up blood quality, and increases
resistance as well as increasing energy production. Because the absorption of
iron from plant foods is low compared to th animal foods, vegetarians need to
consume twice as much iron to meet their daily requirement. (Tzonou A, Lagiou
P, Trichopoulou A, et al. Dietary iron and coronary heart disease risk: Am J
Epidemiol ; 147:161–6, 1998).
Iodine (Potassium Iodide) is a vital micronutrient, and the
leading cause of preventable mental and developmental disabilities worldwide.
Iodine helps the thyroid gland, found in the neck, produce hormones vital to
development. (Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Hannon WH, et al. Iodine nutrition
in the United States . Trends and public health implications: iodine excretion
data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys I and III (1971–1974
and 1988–1994). J Clin Endocrinol Metab ; 83:3104–8 , 1998).
Manganese (chelate) is needed for protein, carbohydrate, and
fat production. Necessary for normal skeletal development. Helps maintain sex
hormone production, and nourishes nerve and brain cells . (Freeland-Graves JH.
Manganese: an essential nutrient for humans. Nutr Today ;23:13–9, 1989).
Potassium (Chloride) is a mineral that assists muscle contraction, and helps
maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in body cells. Potassium is also important
in sending nerve impulses as well as releasing energy from protein, fat, and
carbohydrates during metabolism. (Young DB, Lin H, McCabe RD. Potassium's cardiovascular
protective mechanisms. Am J Physiol ; 268, pp. 2 825-837, 1995).
Chromium (Amino Acid Chelate) is an essential nutrient that
helps the body use sugar, protein, and fat. (Lukaski HC. Magnesium, zinc, and
chromium nutriture and physical activity. Am J Clin Nutr ; 72, 2000).
Selenium (Amino Acid Chelate) is an important part of antioxidant
enzymes that protect cells against the effects of free radicals that are produced
during normal oxygen metabolism. The body has developed defenses such as antioxidants
to control levels of free radicals because they can damage cells and contribute
to the development of some chronic diseases. Selenium is also essential for
normal functioning of the immune system and thyroid gland. (Combs GF, Jr and
Gray WP. Chemopreventive agents: Selenium. Pharmacol Ther ; 79:179-92, 1998).
Molybendum (Amino Acid Chelate) is involved in mobilizing
iron from liver storage to oxidize aldehydes. It helps to remove nitrogen waste
from the body through the formation of uric acid. Uric acid is a powerful anti-oxidant.
Molybdenum appears to play a role in the control of ageing, and is involved
in fat metabolism and energy production. Molybdenum also appears to play a role
in preventing tooth decay by promoting the retention of floride. (Wuebbens MM,
Liu MT, Rajagopalan K, Schindelin H. Insights into molybdenum cofactor deficiency
provided by the crystal structure of the molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein
MoaC. Structure Fold Des .;8(7): 709-718, 2000).
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) are
the two nucleic acids found in all cells. Ribonucleic acid transfers genetic
information from DNA to proteins produced by the cell. Nucleic acids contain
the blueprint for cellular renewal and have been shown to slow down the aging
process through their ability to reduce the effects of cellular damage caused
by free oxygen radicals. The amount of RNA in the human body is depleted by
lack of exercise, internal or external stress, exposure to pollutants, and poor
diet. Adequate amounts of RNA and DNA in the body are essential to every aspect
of good health and longevity. (Van Buren , CT. The role of nucleotides in adult
nutrition. Nutrition Journal. Jan; 124,1994).
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